Dysprosium

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Dysprosium is a chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66. Dysprosium is a rare earth element that has a metallic, bright silver luster, relatively stable in air at room temperature, but dissolving readily in dilute or concentrated mineral acids with the emission of hydrogen. It is soft enough to be cut with bolt-cutters (but not with a knife), and can be machined without sparking if overheating is avoided. Dysprosium's characteristics can be greatly affected even by small amounts of impurities.

 

General
Name, Symbol, Number dysprosium, Dy, 66
Chemical series lanthanides
Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f
Appearance silvery white
Standard atomic weight 162.500(1) g·mol-1
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 8.540 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 8.37 g·cm−3
Melting point 1680K
(1407°C, 2565°F)
Boiling point 2840K
(2562°C, 4653°F)
Heat of fusion 11.06 kJ·mol-1
Heat of vaporization 280 kJ·mol-1
Heat capacity (25°C) 27.7 J·mol-1·K-1
Vapor pressure
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 1378 1523 (1704) (1954) (2304) (2831)
Atomic properties
Crystal structure hexagonal
Oxidation states 3
(weakly basic oxide)
Electronegativity 1.22 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st: 573.0 kJ·mol-1
2nd: 1130 kJ·mol-1
3rd: 2200 kJ·mol-1
Atomic radius 175 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 228 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering paramagnetic at r.t.,
ferromagnetic under
liquid nitrogen
Electrical resistivity (r.t.) (α, poly) 926 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300K) 10.7 W·m-1·K-1
Thermal expansion (r.t.) (α, poly)
9.9 µm/(m·K)
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 2710 m/s
Young's modulus (α form) 61.4 GPa
Shear modulus (α form) 24.7 GPa
Bulk modulus (α form) 40.5 GPa
Poisson ratio (α form) 0.247
Vickers hardness 540 MPa
Brinell hardness 500 MPa
CAS registry number 7429-91-6

 

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