Erbium

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Erbium is a chemical element with the symbol Er and atomic number 68. A rare, silvery, white metallic lanthanide; Erbium is a solid in its normal state. A trivalent element, pure erbium metal is malleable (or easily shaped), soft yet stable in air, and does not oxidize as quickly as some other rare-earth metals.

 

General
Name, Symbol, Number erbium, Er, 68
Chemical series lanthanides
Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f
Appearance silvery white
Standard atomic weight 167.259(3) g·mol-1
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 9.066 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 8.86 g·cm−3
Melting point 1802K
(1529°C, 2784°F)
Boiling point 3141K
(2868°C, 5194°F)
Heat of fusion 19.90 kJ·mol-1
Heat of vaporization 280 kJ·mol-1
Heat capacity (25°C) 28.12 J·mol-1·K-1
Vapor pressure
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 1504 1663 (1885) (2163) (2552) (3132)
Atomic properties
Crystal structure hexagonal
Oxidation states 3
(basic oxide)
Electronegativity 1.24 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st: 589.3 kJ·mol-1
2nd: 1150 kJ·mol-1
3rd: 2194 kJ·mol-1
Atomic radius 175 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 226 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering no data
Electrical resistivity (r.t.) (poly) 0.860 µΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300K) 14.5 W·m-1·K-1
Thermal expansion (r.t.) (poly)
12.2 µm/(m·K)
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 2830 m/s
Young's modulus 69.9 GPa
Shear modulus 28.3 GPa
Bulk modulus 44.4 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.237
Vickers hardness 589 MPa
Brinell hardness 814 MPa
CAS registry number 7440-52-0

 

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